Halloween safety: Tips for trick-or-treaters

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mayoclinic.org%2Fhealthy-lifestyle%2Fchildrens-health%2Fin-depth%2Fhalloween-safety%2Fart-20044976&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

College depression: What parents need to know

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mayoclinic.org%2Fhealthy-lifestyle%2Ftween-and-teen-health%2Fin-depth%2Fcollege-depression%2Fart-20048327&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

WHO presser on Zika - 2nd September 2016 at 2 PM (CEST)

From: World Health Organization http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DrlssJgagKN8&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Why Hermine is a double-edge sword in Florida's Zika fight

There's concern the heavy rainfall and high winds could sideline efforts to control the virus-carrying mosquitoes, which have been discovered for the first time in Miami Beach

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fflorida-fears-hurricane-hermine-could-hamper-fight-against-zika%2F&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Halloween safety: Tips for trick-or-treaters

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mayoclinic.com%2Fhealthy-lifestyle%2Fchildrens-health%2Fin-depth%2Fhalloween-safety%2Fart-20044976&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

College depression: What parents need to know

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mayoclinic.com%2Fhealthy-lifestyle%2Ftween-and-teen-health%2Fin-depth%2Fcollege-depression%2Fart-20048327&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

College depression: What parents need to know

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mayoclinic.org%2Fhealthy-lifestyle%2Ftween-and-teen-health%2Fin-depth%2Fcollege-depression%2Fart-20048327&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Halloween safety: Tips for trick-or-treaters

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mayoclinic.org%2Fhealthy-lifestyle%2Fchildrens-health%2Fin-depth%2Fhalloween-safety%2Fart-20044976&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Malabsorption and intestinal adaptation after one anastomosis gastric bypass compared with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in rats

The technically easier one-anastomosis (mini) gastric bypass (MGB) is associated with similar metabolic improvements and weight loss as the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). However, MGB is controversial and suspected to result in greater malabsorption than RYGB. In this study, we compared macronutrient absorption and intestinal adaptation after MGB or RYGB in rats. Body weight and food intake were monitored and glucose tolerance tests were performed in rats subjected to MGB, RYGB, or sham surgery. Carbohydrate, protein, and lipid absorption was determined by fecal analyses. Intestinal remodeling was evaluated by histology and immunohistochemistry. Peptide and amino acid transporter mRNA levels were measured in the remodeled intestinal mucosa and those of anorexigenic and orexigenic peptides in the hypothalamus. The MGB and RYGB surgeries both resulted in a reduction of body weight and an improvement of glucose tolerance relative to sham rats. Hypothalamic orexigenic neuropeptide gene expression was higher in MGB rats than in RYGB or sham rats. Fecal losses of calories and proteins were greater after MGB than RYGB or sham surgery. Intestinal hyperplasia occurred after MGB and RYGB with increased jejunum diameter, higher villi, and deeper crypts than in sham rats. Peptidase and peptide or amino acid transporter genes were overexpressed in jejunal mucosa from MGB rats but not RYGB rats. In rats, MGB led to greater protein malabsorption and energy loss than RYGB. This malabsorption was not compensated by intestinal overgrowth and increased expression of peptide transporters in the jejunum.

From: Cavin, J.-B., Voitellier, E., Cluzeaud, F., Kapel, N., Marmuse, J.-P., Chevallier, J.-M., Msika, S., Bado, A., Le Gall, M. http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fajpgi.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F311%2F3%2FG492%3Frss%3D1&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Bovine colostrum improves neonatal growth, digestive function, and gut immunity relative to donor human milk and infant formula in preterm pigs

Mother's own milk is the optimal first diet for preterm infants, but donor human milk (DM) or infant formula (IF) is used when supply is limited. We hypothesized that a gradual introduction of bovine colostrum (BC) or DM improves gut maturation, relative to IF during the first 11 days after preterm birth. Preterm pigs were fed gradually advancing doses of BC, DM, or IF (3–15 ml·kg^–1·3 h^–1, n = 14–18) before measurements of gut structure, function, microbiology, and immunology. The BC pigs showed higher body growth, intestinal hexose uptake, and transit time and reduced diarrhea and gut permeability, relative to DM and IF pigs (P < 0.05). Relative to IF pigs, BC pigs also had lower density of mucosa-associated bacteria and of some putative pathogens in colon, together with higher intestinal villi, mucosal mass, brush-border enzyme activities, colonic short chain fatty acid levels, and bacterial diversity and an altered expression of immune-related genes (higher TNFα, IL17; lower IL8, TLR2, TFF, MUC1, MUC2) (all P < 0.05). Values in DM pigs were intermediate. Severe necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was observed in >50% of IF pigs, while only subclinical intestinal lesions were evident from DM and BC pigs. BC, and to some degree DM, are superior to preterm IF in stimulating gut maturation and body growth, using a gradual advancement of enteral feeding volume over the first 11 days after preterm birth in piglets. Whether the same is true in preterm infants remains to be tested.

From: Rasmussen, S. O., Martin, L., Ostergaard, M. V., Rudloff, S., Li, Y., Roggenbuck, M., Bering, S. B., Sangild, P. T. http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fajpgi.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F311%2F3%2FG480%3Frss%3D1&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Regulation and dysregulation of esophageal peristalsis by the integrated function of circular and longitudinal muscle layers in health and disease

Muscularis propria throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract including the esophagus is comprised of circular and longitudinal muscle layers. Based on the studies conducted in the colon and the small intestine, for more than a century, it has been debated whether the two muscle layers contract synchronously or reciprocally during the ascending contraction and descending relaxation of the peristaltic reflex. Recent studies in the esophagus and colon prove that the two muscle layers indeed contract and relax together in almost perfect synchrony during ascending contraction and descending relaxation of the peristaltic reflex, respectively. Studies in patients with various types of esophageal motor disorders reveal temporal disassociation between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers. We suggest that the discoordination between the two muscle layers plays a role in the genesis of esophageal symptoms, i.e., dysphagia and esophageal pain. Certain pathologies may selectively target one and not the other muscle layer, e.g., in eosinophilic esophagitis there is a selective dysfunction of the longitudinal muscle layer. In achalasia esophagus, swallows are accompanied by the strong contraction of the longitudinal muscle without circular muscle contraction. The possibility that the discoordination between two muscle layers plays a role in the genesis of esophageal symptoms, i.e., dysphagia and esophageal pain are discussed. The purpose of this review is to summarize the regulation and dysregulation of peristalsis by the coordinated and discoordinated function of circular and longitudinal muscle layers in health and diseased states.

From: Mittal, R. K. http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fajpgi.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F311%2F3%2FG431%3Frss%3D1&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

The serine protease-mediated increase in intestinal epithelial barrier function is dependent on occludin and requires an intact tight junction

Barrier dysfunction is a characteristic of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Understanding how the tight junction is modified to maintain barrier function may provide avenues for treatment of IBD. We have previously shown that the apical addition of serine proteases to intestinal epithelial cell lines causes a rapid and sustained increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), but the mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesized that serine proteases increase barrier function through trafficking and insertion of tight junction proteins into the membrane, and this could enhance recovery of a disrupted monolayer after calcium switch or cytokine treatment. In the canine epithelial cell line, SCBN, we showed that matriptase, an endogenous serine protease, could potently increase TER. Using detergent solubility-based cell fractionation, we found that neither trypsin nor matriptase treatment changed levels of tight junction proteins at the membrane. In a fast calcium switch assay, serine proteases did not enhance the rate of recovery of the junction. In addition, serine proteases could not reverse barrier disruption induced by IFN and TNFα. We knocked down occludin in our cells using siRNA and found this prevented the serine protease-induced increase in TER. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), we found serine proteases induce a greater mobile fraction of occludin in the membrane. These data suggest that a functional tight junction is needed for serine proteases to have an effect on TER, and that occludin is a crucial tight junction protein in this mechanism.

From: Ronaghan, N. J., Shang, J., Iablokov, V., Zaheer, R., Colarusso, P., Turner, J. R., MacNaughton, W. K. http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fajpgi.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F311%2F3%2FG466%3Frss%3D1&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Long noncoding RNAs: novel links to inflammatory bowel disease?

From: Edgington-Mitchell, L. E. http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fajpgi.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F311%2F3%2FG444%3Frss%3D1&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Zika mosquitoes found in Florida

For the first time in the U.S., mosquitoes in South Florida have tested positive for the Zika virus. The Florida Department of Agriculture announced Thursday that three mosquito samples taken out of 19 from Miami Beach had the virus.

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fvideos%2Fzika-mosquitoes-found-in-florida%2F&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Drugmakers may face more legal action over opioid epidemic

Group of state attorneys general nationwide have been discussing new ways they can pursue legal action against opioid manufacturers like Purdue Pharma, CBS News has learned

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Foxycontin-opioid-drug-makers-legal-action%2F&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8