CDC: Brain-eating amoeba found at whitewater center after teen's death

Systems at U.S. National Whitewater Center inadequate to kill a rare, brain-attacking organism blamed for killing Ohio teenager, CDC says

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fcdc-brain-eating-amoeba-found-at-whitewater-center-after-teens-death-lauren-seitz%2F&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Bile acids promote diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma via increased inflammatory signaling

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common hepatic malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer related deaths. Previous studies have implicated bile acids in pathogenesis of HCC, but the mechanisms are not known. We investigated the mechanisms of HCC tumor promotion by bile acids the diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiation-cholic acid (CA)-induced tumor promotion protocol in mice. The data show that 0.2% CA treatment resulted in threefold increase in number and size of DEN-induced liver tumors. All tumors observed in DEN-treated mice were well-differentiated HCCs. The HCCs observed in DEN-treated CA-fed mice exhibited extensive CD3-, CD20-, and CD45-positive inflammatory cell aggregates. Microarray-based global gene expression studies combined with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed significant activation of NF-B and Nanog in the DEN-treated 0.2% CA-fed livers. Further studies showed significantly higher TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA, a marked increase in total and phosphorylated-p65 and phosphorylated IBα (degradation form) in livers of DEN-treated 0.2% CA-fed mice. Treatment of primary mouse hepatocytes with various bile acids showed significant induction of stemness genes including Nanog, KLF4, Sox2, and Oct4. Quantification of total and 20 specific bile acids in liver, and serum revealed a tumor-associated bile acid signature. Finally, quantification of total serum bile acids in normal, cirrhotic, and HCC human samples revealed increased bile acids in serum of cirrhotic and HCC patients. Taken together, these data indicate that bile acids are mechanistically involved pathogenesis of HCC and may promote HCC formation via activation of inflammatory signaling.

From: Sun, L., Beggs, K., Borude, P., Edwards, G., Bhushan, B., Walesky, C., Roy, N., Manley, M. W., Gunewardena, S., O'Neil, M., Li, H., Apte, U. http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fajpgi.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F311%2F1%2FG91%3Frss%3D1&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Cellular zinc is required for intestinal epithelial barrier maintenance via the regulation of claudin-3 and occludin expression

Intracellular zinc is required for a variety of cell functions, but its precise roles in the maintenance of the intestinal tight junction (TJ) barrier remain unclear. The present study investigated the essential roles of intracellular zinc in the preservation of intestinal TJ integrity and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Depletion of intracellular zinc in both intestinal Caco-2 cells and mouse colons through the application of a cell-permeable zinc chelator N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN) induced a disruption of the TJ barrier, as indicated by increased FITC-labeled dextran flux and decreased transepithelial electrical resistance. The TPEN-induced TJ disruption is associated with downregulation of two TJ proteins, occludin and claudin-3. Biotinylation of cell surface proteins revealed that the zinc depletion induced the proteolysis of occludin but not claudin-3. Occludin proteolysis was sensitive to the inhibition of calpain activity, and increased calpain activity was observed in the zinc-depleted cells. Although quantitative PCR analysis and promoter reporter assay have demonstrated that the zinc depletion-induced claudin-3 downregulation occurred at transcriptional levels, a site-directed mutation in the egr1 binding site in the claudin-3 promoter sequence induced loss of both the basal promoter activity and the TPEN-induced decreases. Reduced egr1 expression by a specific siRNA also inhibited claudin-3 expression and transepithelial electrical resistance maintenance in cells. This study shows that intracellular zinc has an essential role in the maintenance of the intestinal epithelial TJ barrier through regulation of occludin proteolysis and claudin-3 transcription.

From: Miyoshi, Y., Tanabe, S., Suzuki, T. http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fajpgi.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F311%2F1%2FG105%3Frss%3D1&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Mucosal integrity and sensitivity to acid in the proximal esophagus in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

Acid reflux episodes that extend to the proximal esophagus are more likely to be perceived. This suggests that the proximal esophagus is more sensitive to acid than the distal esophagus, which could be caused by impaired mucosal integrity in the proximal esophagus. Our aim was to explore sensitivity to acid and mucosal integrity in different segments of the esophagus. We used a prospective observational study, including 12 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). After stopping acid secretion-inhibiting medication, two procedures were performed: an acid perfusion test and an upper endoscopy with electrical tissue impedance spectroscopy and esophageal biopsies. Proximal and distal sensitivity to acid and tissue impedance were measured in vivo, and mucosal permeability and epithelial intercellular spaces at different esophageal levels were measured in vitro. Mean lag time to heartburn perception was much shorter after proximal acid perfusion (0.8 min) than after distal acid perfusion (3.9 min) (P = 0.02). Median in vivo tissue impedance was significantly lower in the distal esophagus (4,563 ·m) compared with the proximal esophagus (8,170 ·m) (P = 0.002). Transepithelial permeability, as measured by the median fluorescein flux was significantly higher in the distal (2,051 nmol·cm^–2·h^–1) than in the proximal segment (368 nmol·cm^–2·h^–1) (P = 0.033). Intercellular space ratio and maximum heartburn intensity were not significantly different between the proximal and distal esophagus. In GERD patients off acid secretion-inhibiting medication, acid exposure in the proximal segment of the esophagus provokes symptoms earlier than acid exposure in the distal esophagus, whereas mucosal integrity is impaired more in the distal esophagus. These findings indicate that the enhanced sensitivity to proximal reflux episodes is not explained by increased mucosal permeability.

From: van Hoeij, F. B., Weijenborg, P. W., van den Bergh Weerman, M. A., van den Wijngaard, R. M. J. G. J., Verheij, J., Smout, A. J. P. M., Bredenoord, A. J. http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fajpgi.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F311%2F1%2FG117%3Frss%3D1&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

A human model of restricted upper esophageal sphincter opening and its pharyngeal and UES deglutitive pressure phenomena

Oropharyngeal dysphagia due to upper esophageal sphincter (UES) dysfunction is commonly encountered in the clinical setting. Selective experimental perturbation of various components of the deglutitive apparatus can provide an opportunity to improve our understanding of the swallowing physiology and pathophysiology. The aim is to characterize the pharyngeal and UES deglutitive pressure phenomena in an experimentally induced restriction of UES opening in humans. We studied 14 volunteers without any dysphagic symptoms (7 men, 66 ± 11 yr) but with various supraesophageal reflux symptoms. To induce UES restriction, we used a handmade device that with adjustment could selectively apply 0, 20, 30, or 40 mmHg pressure perpendicularly to the cricoid cartilage. Deglutitive pharyngeal and UES pressure phenomena were determined during dry and 5- and 10-ml water swallows x 3 for each of the UES perturbations. External cricoid pressure against the UES resulted in a significant increase in hypopharyngeal intrabolus pressure and UES nadir deglutitive relaxation pressure for all tested swallowed volumes (P < 0.05). Application of external cricoid pressure increased the length of the UES high pressure zone from 2.5 ± 0.2 to 3.1 ± 0.2, 3.5 ± 0.1, and 3.7 ± 0.1 cm for 20, 30, and 40 mmHg cricoid pressure, respectively (P < 0.05). External cricoid pressure had no significant effect on pharyngeal peristalsis. On the other hand, irrespective of external cricoid pressure deglutitive velopharyngeal contractile integral progressively increased with increased swallowed volumes (P < 0.05). In conclusion, acute experimental restriction of UES opening by external cricoid pressure manifests the pressure characteristics of increased resistance to UES transsphincteric flow observed clinically without affecting the pharyngeal peristaltic contractile function.

From: Jiao, H., Mei, L., Sharma, T., Kern, M., Sanvanson, P., Shaker, R. http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fajpgi.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F311%2F1%2FG84%3Frss%3D1&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Colonic macrophage polarization in homeostasis, inflammation, and cancer

Our review focuses on the colonic macrophage, a monocyte-derived, tissue-resident macrophage, and the role it plays in health and disease, specifically in inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and cancer of the colon and rectum. We give special emphasis to macrophage polarization, or phenotype, in these different states. We focus on macrophages because they are one of the most numerous leukocytes in the colon, and because they normally contribute to homeostasis through an anti-inflammatory phenotype. However, in conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, proinflammatory macrophages are increased in the colon and have been linked to disease severity and progression. In colorectal cancer, tumor cells may employ anti-inflammatory macrophages to promote tumor growth and dissemination, whereas proinflammatory macrophages may antagonize tumor growth. Given the key roles that this cell type plays in homeostasis, inflammation, and cancer, the colonic macrophage is an intriguing therapeutic target. As such, potential macrophage-targeting strategies are discussed.

From: Isidro, R. A., Appleyard, C. B. http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fajpgi.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F311%2F1%2FG59%3Frss%3D1&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Loss of intestinal O-glycans promotes spontaneous duodenal tumors

Mucin-type O-glycans, primarily core 1- and core 3-derived O-glycans, are the major mucus barrier components throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Previous reports identified the biological role of O-glycans in the stomach and colon. However, the biological function of O-glycans in the small intestine remains unknown. Using mice lacking intestinal core 1- and core 3-derived O-glycans [intestinal epithelial cell C1galt1^–/–;C3GnT^–/– or double knockout (DKO)], we found that loss of O-glycans predisposes DKO mice to spontaneous duodenal tumorigenesis by ~1 yr of age. Tumor incidence did not increase with age; however, tumors advanced in aggressiveness by 20 mo. O-glycan deficiency was associated with reduced luminal mucus in DKO mice before tumor development. Altered intestinal epithelial homeostasis with enhanced baseline crypt proliferation characterizes these phenotypes as assayed by Ki67 staining. In addition, fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis reveals a significantly lower bacterial burden in the duodenum compared with the large intestine. This phenotype is not reduced with antibiotic treatment, implying O-glycosylation defects, rather than bacterial-induced inflammation, which causes spontaneous duodenal tumorigenesis. Moreover, inflammatory responses in DKO duodenal mucosa are mild as assayed with histology, quantitative PCR for inflammation-associated cytokines, and immunostaining for immune cells. Importantly, inducible deletion of intestinal O-glycans in adult mice leads to analogous spontaneous duodenal tumors, although with higher incidence and heightened severity compared with mice with O-glycans constitutive deletion. In conclusion, these studies reveal O-glycans within the small intestine are critical determinants of duodenal cancer risk. Future studies will provide insights into the pathogenesis in the general population and those at risk for this rare but deadly cancer.

From: Gao, N., Bergstrom, K., Fu, J., Xie, B., Chen, W., Xia, L. http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fajpgi.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F311%2F1%2FG74%3Frss%3D1&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Enhanced sympathetic nerve activity induced by neonatal colon inflammation induces gastric hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behavior in adult rats

Gastric hypersensitivity (GHS) and anxiety are prevalent in functional dyspepsia patients; their underlying mechanisms remain unknown largely because of lack of availability of live visceral tissues from human subjects. Recently, we demonstrated in a preclinical model that rats subjected to neonatal colon inflammation show increased basal plasma norepinephrine (NE), which contributes to GHS through the upregulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) expression in the gastric fundus. We tested the hypothesis that neonatal colon inflammation increases anxiety-like behavior and sympathetic nervous system activity, which upregulates the expression of NGF to induce GHS in adult life. Chemical sympathectomy, but not adrenalectomy, suppressed the elevated NGF expression in the fundus muscularis externa and GHS. The measurement of heart rate variability showed a significant increase in the low frequency-to-high frequency ratio in GHS vs. the control rats. Stimulus-evoked release of NE from the fundus muscularis externa strips was significantly greater in GHS than in the control rats. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression was increased in the celiac ganglia of the GHS vs. the control rats. We found an increase in trait but not stress-induced anxiety-like behavior in GHS rats in an elevated plus maze. We concluded that neonatal programming triggered by colon inflammation upregulates tyrosine hydroxylase in the celiac ganglia, which upregulates the release of NE in the gastric fundus muscularis externa. The increase of NE release from the sympathetic nerve terminals concentration dependently upregulates NGF, which proportionately increases the visceromotor response to gastric distention. Neonatal programming concurrently increases anxiety-like behavior in GHS rats.

From: Winston, J. H., Sarna, S. K. http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fajpgi.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F311%2F1%2FG32%3Frss%3D1&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Role of ion transporters in the bile acid-induced esophageal injury

Gastrointestinal and hepatic mechanisms limiting entry and dissemination of lipopolysaccharide into the systemic circulation

The human microbiota consists of 100 trillion microorganisms that provide important metabolic and biological functions benefiting the host. However, the presence in host plasma of a gut-derived bacteria component, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), has been identified as a causal or complicating factor in multiple serious diseases such as sepsis and septic shock and, more recently, obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Understanding the precise mechanisms by which gut-derived LPS is transported from the gut lumen to the systemic circulation is crucial to advance our knowledge of LPS-associated diseases and elaborate targeted strategies for their prevention. The aim of this review is to synthetize current knowledge on the host mechanisms limiting the entry and dissemination of LPS into the systemic circulation. To prevent bacterial colonization and penetration, the intestinal epithelium harbors multiple defense mechanisms including the secretion of antimicrobial peptides and mucins as well as detoxification enzymes. Despite this first line of defense, LPS can reach the apical site of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and, because of its large size, likely crosses IECs via transcellular transport, either lipid raft- or clathrin-mediated endocytosis or goblet cell-associated passage. However, the precise pathway remains poorly described. Finally, if LPS crosses the gut mucosa, it is directed via the portal vein to the liver, where major detoxification processes occur by deacetylation and excretion through the bile. If this disposal process is not sufficient, LPS enters the systemic circulation, where it is handled by numerous transport proteins that clear it back to the liver for further excretion.

From: Guerville, M., Boudry, G. http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fajpgi.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F311%2F1%2FG1%3Frss%3D1&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Mechanisms of innate immune activation by gluten peptide p31-43 in mice

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Innate immunity contributes to the pathogenesis of CD, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Although previous in vitro work suggests that gliadin peptide p31-43 acts as an innate immune trigger, the underlying pathways are unclear and have not been explored in vivo. Here we show that intraluminal delivery of p31-43 induces morphological changes in the small intestinal mucosa of normal mice consistent with those seen in CD, including increased cell death and expression of inflammatory mediators. The effects of p31-43 were dependent on MyD88 and type I IFNs, but not Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and were enhanced by coadministration of the TLR3 agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. Together, these results indicate that gliadin peptide p31-43 activates the innate immune pathways in vivo, such as IFN-dependent inflammation, relevant to CD. Our findings also suggest a common mechanism for the potential interaction between dietary gluten and viral infections in the pathogenesis of CD.

From: Araya, R. E., Gomez Castro, M. F., Carasi, P., McCarville, J. L., Jury, J., Mowat, A. M., Verdu, E. F., Chirdo, F. G. http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fajpgi.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F311%2F1%2FG40%3Frss%3D1&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

U.S. cancer survivors living longer than ever before

As the American population ages, more adults are surviving cancer and other chronic conditions

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fu-s-cancer-survivors-living-longer-than-ever-before%2F&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Husband and Wife Overcome Breast Cancer

From: Mayo Clinic http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Ds4KGcUNmKRU&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Updates on Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs): Summer 2016

From: Mayo Clinic http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DRKRBRSmG4Yw&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

"It just blew": Stay safe around fireworks July Fourth

Injuries involving fireworks skyrocket around the holiday; NFL's Jason Pierre Paul, who lost several fingers, has some advice

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Ffireworks-fourth-of-july-safety-injuries%2F&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Trendy Craft Beers: What’s Really on Tap?

Here’s what you need to know before you sip craft beer.

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Ffood-recipes%2F20160701%2Fcraft-beer-alcohol-calories%3Fsrc%3DRSS_PUBLIC&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Could 'Zaps' to the Brain Help Fight Glaucoma?

Small study found 10 days of electrical stimulation restored some lost vision for some patients

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Feye-health%2Fnews%2F20160701%2Fcould-zaps-to-the-brain-help-fight-glaucoma%3Fsrc%3DRSS_PUBLIC&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Patient Facebook Groups for Discussion of Rare Diseases

From: Mayo Clinic http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DNzoyhBMT0Xc&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

The times, they are a-changin’ (and bringing new syndromes)

When are symptoms due to a medical condition, and when are they just a part of life? That’s the question that came to mind as I read about “computer vision syndrome.”

So, what is a syndrome, anyway?

Before considering the health hazards of working long hours in front of a computer screen, it’s worth asking what a syndrome is. In medicine we often use the word syndrome to describe a group of features, such as symptoms, examination findings or test results, that tend to occur together but without a clear enough understanding of their cause to be considered a specific disease.

Some syndromes are described by the part of the body involved: carpal tunnel syndrome, for example, is caused by the compression of a nerve in a narrow part of the wrist called the carpal tunnel. Other syndromes are named for the person or persons who were among the first to describe them: Down syndrome is a genetic disorder named for the British physician Dr. John Langdon Down, who described it in 1862 — well before its cause (an extra copy of chromosome 21) was recognized. Still others are named for the problems they cause. For example, restless legs syndrome” tells you a lot about the symptoms that people with this condition experience. But in many cases, the difference between calling a condition a “syndrome” and simply describing a cluster of symptoms is more about language than about science or medicine.

Eye strain? Or computer vision syndrome?

My medical dictionary lists more than 600 conditions as “syndromes.” Well, now we can add one more: a recently published report describes a new syndrome: “computer vision syndrome.” This is a condition increasingly recognized among people working long hours on a computer who complain of eye problems including:

• dryness
• blurry vision
• double vision
• a burning sensation in the eyes.

Symptoms may be severe enough to interfere with continued computer work.

Is computer vision syndrome a major public health problem?

The authors of the report suggest that up to 70 million people worldwide are at risk for computer vision syndrome. And this number is likely to grow, considering the large (and increasing) numbers of students and employees who rely on their computers for many hours each day. According to the researchers, up to 90% of people who use a computer for prolonged periods of time will report one or more of these symptoms. And that’s not counting other health problems linked to extensive computer use, including back, neck, and shoulder pain; carpal tunnel syndrome; and headaches. Together, it’s enough to make you view an ordinary computer as a potential health hazard.

Why are vision problems so common with computer use?

The authors of this paper suggest several explanations for computer vision syndrome:

• The text and images on a computer screen are made up of pixels with blurry edges. The eyes have to work harder to focus on them compared with text and images on a printed page. This may lead to eye strain.
• Reduced blinking is another potential issue. People tend to blink less frequently than usual when working on a computer. (Normally, we blink about 17 times a minute, but this often drops to 12-15 times a minute during computer use.) Less blinking can lead to dryness.

What’s to be done?

There are a number of ways to combat computer vision syndrome:

• Don’t sit so close. Ideally, the computer screen should be about two feet away from your face.
• Position the monitor well. Experts recommend that the center of the monitor should be 4 to 8 inches lower than eye level. Looking down a bit while working means the eyes are less exposed and therefore less likely to become dry.
• Optimize contrast. Black text on a bright white screen is best.
• Minimize glare. Dimming overhead lights, lowering window shades, using an anti-glare flat-screen monitor, and wearing special glasses can all be helpful.
• Take breaks. Try the 20-20-20 rule, for example: take a 20-second break every 20 minutes and focus your eyes on something at least 20 feet away. While you’re at it, stretch your neck and shoulders.
• Combat dryness. Blink often and use moisturizing eye drops if necessary. Avoiding air drafts and using moisturizing compresses can also help.
• Change the font size. Use a larger font or magnify the viewing display if that makes it easier to see.
• Get your eyes checked at least yearly. Many people strain their eyes while using their computers because their prescription for glasses or contacts is outdated. Let your eye doctor know of any problems you’re having. Bifocals or progressive lenses can make a big difference, especially if you do a lot of moving back and forth between the computer screen and printed material.

What’s next?

Computer vision syndrome may be the newest technology-related threat to public health, but new syndromes related to changes in how we work and play is nothing new. I recall a form of tendinitis called “Blackberry thumb” being described as a “scourge” in 2005, when texting on the new wireless device was becoming common. It’s a reminder that as our technology changes, some impact on our health is probably inevitable.

And whether we consider it a new disease, a new syndrome, or just a part of working long hours in front of a computer screen, the most important thing is to recognize the problems described by computer vision syndrome and take measures to prevent and treat them. That’s particularly true because computer vision syndrome may be the latest technology-related syndrome to be described, but it probably won’t be the last.

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• “Stress” cardiomyopathy: A different kind of heart…

The post The times, they are a-changin’ (and bringing new syndromes) appeared first on Harvard Health Blog.

From: Robert H. Shmerling, MD http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.health.harvard.edu%2Fblog%2Ftimes-changin-bringing-new-syndromes-201607019844&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Obama confident Zika vaccine can be developed

But he said he needs Congress to provide the funding "before they leave for vacation"

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fobama-zika-vaccine-can-be-developed%2F&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Don't let your Fourth of July go down in flames

Consumer safety experts are out with their latest tips for avoiding fireworks injuries. Kenneth Craig reports.

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fvideos%2Fdont-let-your-fourth-of-july-go-down-in-flames%2F&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

#GrowingUpShy: Social media emboldens introverts to share

The sometimes painful, sometimes humorous inner thoughts of people #GrowingUpShy

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fgrowingupshy-social-media-twitter-shy-introverts-share-memories%2F&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Top 10 Causes of Death in the U.S.

The death rate in the United States hit an all-time low in 2014, but heart disease and cancer were still the top two causes of death.

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Fheart-disease%2Fnews%2F20160701%2Ftop-10-death-causes%3Fsrc%3DRSS_PUBLIC&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Soluble Corn Fiber Increases Calcium Absorption Associated with Shifts in the Gut Microbiome: A Randomized Dose-Response Trial in Free-Living Pubertal Females [Nutrient Physiology, Metabolism, and Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions]

Background: Soluble corn fiber (SCF; 12 g fiber/d) is shown to increase calcium absorption efficiency, associated with shifts in the gut microbiota in adolescent males and females who participated in a controlled feeding study.

Objective: We evaluated the dose response of 0, 10, and 20 g fiber/d delivered by PROMITOR SCF 85 (85% fiber) on calcium absorption, biochemical bone properties, and the fecal microbiome in free-living adolescents.

Methods: Healthy adolescent females (n = 28; aged 11–14 y) randomly assigned into a 3-phase, double-blind, crossover study consumed SCF for 4 wk at each dose (0, 10, and 20 g fiber/d from SCF) alongside their habitual diet and were followed by 3-d clinical visits and 3-wk washout periods. Stable isotope (⁴⁴Ca and ⁴³Ca) enrichment in pooled urine was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Fecal microbial community composition was assessed by high-throughput sequencing (Illumina) of polymerase chain reaction–amplified 16S rRNA genes. Mixed model ANOVA and Friedman analysis were used to determine effects of SCF on calcium absorption and to compare mean microbial proportions, respectively.

Results: Calcium absorption increased significantly with 10 (13.3% ± 5.3%; P = 0.042) and 20 g fiber/d (12.9% ± 3.6%; P = 0.026) from SCF relative to control. Significant differences in fecal microbial community diversity were found after consuming SCF (operational taxonomic unit measures of 601.4 ± 83.5, 634.5 ± 83.8, and 649.6 ± 75.5 for 0, 10, and 20 g fiber/d, respectively; P < 0.05). Proportions of the genus Parabacteroides significantly increased with SCF dose (1.1% ± 0.8%, 2.1% ± 1.6%, and 3.0% ± 2.0% for 0, 10, and 20 g fiber/d from SCF, respectively; P < 0.05). Increases in calcium absorption positively correlated with increases in Clostridium (r = 0.44, P = 0.023) and unclassified Clostridiaceae (r = 0.40, P = 0.040).

Conclusions: SCF, a nondigestible carbohydrate, increased calcium absorption in free-living adolescent females. Two groups of bacteria may be involved, one directly fermenting SCF and the second fermenting SCF metabolites further, thereby promoting increased calcium absorption. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01660503.

From: Whisner, C. M., Martin, B. R., Nakatsu, C. H., Story, J. A., MacDonald-Clarke, C. J., McCabe, L. D., McCabe, G. P., Weaver, C. M. http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fjn.nutrition.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F146%2F7%2F1298%3Frss%3D1&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

13C Natural Abundance of Serum Retinol Is a Novel Biomarker for Evaluating Provitamin A Carotenoid-Biofortified Maize Consumption in Male Mongolian Gerbils [Nutrient Physiology, Metabolism, and Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions]

Background: Crops such as maize, sorghum, and millet are being biofortified with provitamin A carotenoids to ensure adequate vitamin A (VA) intakes. VA assessment can be challenging because serum retinol concentrations are homeostatically controlled and more sensitive techniques are resource-intensive.

Objectives: We investigated changes in serum retinol relative differences of isotope amount ratios of ¹³C/¹²C (¹³C) caused by natural ¹³C fractionation in C₃ compared with C₄ plants as a biomarker to detect provitamin A efficacy from biofortified (orange) maize and high-carotene carrots.

Methods: The design was a 2 x 2 x 2 maize (orange compared with white) by carrot (orange compared with white) by a VA fortificant (VA+ compared with VA–) in weanling male Mongolian gerbils (n = 55), which included a 14-d VA depletion period and a 62-d treatment period (1 baseline and 8 treatment groups; n = 5–7/group). Liver VA and serum retinol were quantified, purified by HPLC, and analyzed by GC combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry for ¹³C.

Results: Treatments affected liver VA concentrations (0.048 ± 0.039 to 0.79 ± 0.24 μmol/g; P < 0.0001) but not overall serum retinol concentrations (1.38 ± 0.22 μmol/L). Serum retinol and liver VA ¹³C were significantly correlated (R² = 0.92; P < 0.0001). Serum retinol ¹³C differentiated control groups that consumed white maize and white carrots (–27.1 ± 1.2 ¹³C) from treated groups that consumed orange maize and white carrots (–21.6 ± 1.4 ¹³C P < 0.0001) and white maize and orange carrots (–30.6 ± 0.7 ¹³C P < 0.0001). A prediction model demonstrated the relative contribution of orange maize to total dietary VA for groups that consumed VA from mixed sources.

Conclusions: Provitamin A efficacy and quantitative estimation of the relative contribution to dietary VA were demonstrated with the use of serum retinol ¹³C. This method could be used for maize efficacy or effectiveness studies and with other C₄ crops biofortified with provitamin A carotenoids (e.g., millet, sorghum). Advantages include no extrinsic tracer dose, 1 blood sample, and higher sensitivity than serum retinol concentrations alone.

From: Gannon, B. M., Pungarcher, I., Mourao, L., Davis, C. R., Simon, P., Pixley, K. V., Tanumihardjo, S. A. http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fjn.nutrition.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F146%2F7%2F1290%3Frss%3D1&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

A Slow- Compared with a Fast-Release Form of Oral Arginine Increases Its Utilization for Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Overweight Adults with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in a Randomized Controlled Study [Nutrient Physiology, Metabolism, and Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions]

A Diet Rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid Restores Liver Arachidonic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Concentrations in Mice Homozygous for the Human Apolipoprotein E {varepsilon}4 Allele [Nutrient Physiology, Metabolism, and Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions]

Background: Metabolism of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) is disturbed in carriers of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) 4 allele (APOE4). More specifically, APOE4 carriers are lower responders to -3 (n–3) LC-PUFA supplementation; this might be because LC-PUFA transport into cells or β-oxidation is disturbed. However, high doses of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) seem to restore DHA homeostasis in APOE4 carriers, but the contribution of hepatic fatty acid (FA) transporters is unknown.

Objectives: With the use of mice carrying human APOE isoforms, we sought to investigate whether a DHA-rich diet could restore DHA homeostasis in APOE4 mice and whether this involved hepatic FA transporters.

Methods: Male and female mice homozygous for the APOE 2 allele, APOE 3 allele (APOE3), and APOE4 were fed either a diet enriched with DHA (0.7 g DHA/100 g diet) or a control diet for 8 mo and were killed at 12 mo of age. Liver and plasma FA profiles were measured by GC, and FA transporter expression was evaluated by Western immunoblotting.

Results: There was a significant genotype x diet interaction for hepatic concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA) and DHA (P = 0.005 and P = 0.002, respectively) and a trend toward an interaction for liver expression of fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1) (P-interaction = 0.05). APOE4 mice had 60–100% higher liver AA, DHA, and FABP1 than did APOE3 mice, but only when fed the control diet. Independent of diet, APOE4 mice had 20–30% lower plasma concentrations of AA and DHA than did APOE3 mice. Overall, mice fed the DHA diet had 50% lower concentrations of liver total FAs than did mice fed the control diet.

Conclusions: These findings in transgenic mice suggest that a long-term diet rich in DHA suppresses the APOE4-specific disturbances in hepatic transport and concentration of AA and DHA and also reduces hepatic total FA concentrations, regardless of genotype.

From: Chouinard-Watkins, R., Pincon, A., Coulombe, J.-D., Spencer, R., Massenavette, L., Plourde, M. http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fjn.nutrition.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F146%2F7%2F1315%3Frss%3D1&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Physical Activity Performed in the Evening Increases the Overnight Muscle Protein Synthetic Response to Presleep Protein Ingestion in Older Men [Nutrient Physiology, Metabolism, and Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions]

Mayo Clinic Minute: Keep Your Eyes on Fireworks Safety

From: Mayo Clinic http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DRt3EiXOM6qM&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Who's Most Likely to Seek Infertility Help

They're more likely to be better educated, wealthier and older, study finds

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Finfertility-and-reproduction%2Fnews%2F20160701%2Fwhos-most-likely-to-seek-infertility-help%3Fsrc%3DRSS_PUBLIC&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

U.S. Cancer Survivors Living Longer

Likelihood of other chronic conditions will stress health care system in next two decades, report predicts

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Fcancer%2Fnews%2F20160701%2Fus-cancer-survivors-living-longer%3Fsrc%3DRSS_PUBLIC&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Updated ACA mandate takes effect July 18

The federal Office for Civil Rights has issued a final rule prohibiting health care entities that receive federal financial assistance from discriminating based on age, race, color, nationality, disability or gender.

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ada.org%2Fen%2Fpublications%2Fada-news%2F2016-archive%2Fjune%2Fupdated-aca-mandate-takes-effect-july-18&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

BBQ mishaps that could ruin your holiday weekend

Don't spend your holiday with food poisoning or worse; here's expert safety advice for your next cookout

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fmedia%2Fbbq-safety-tips-for-fourth-of-july-weekend%2F&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

3 Treatments May Help Combat Binge-Eating Disorder

Review finds these methods may aid those with the most common eating disorder in the U.S.

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Fmental-health%2Feating-disorders%2Fbinge-eating-disorder%2Fnews%2F20160630%2F3-treatments-seem-to-help-combat-binge-eating-disorder%3Fsrc%3DRSS_PUBLIC&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

E-Cigs May Damage Cells in Mouth

Findings suggest a possible increase in the risk of oral disease, researchers say

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Fsmoking-cessation%2Fnews%2F20160630%2Fe-cigs-may-damage-cells-in-mouth%3Fsrc%3DRSS_PUBLIC&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Memory Loss: Normal or a Sign of Trouble?

Everyone experiences some forgetfulness, but the FDA explains when to be concerned

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Falzheimers%2Fnews%2F20160630%2Fmemory-loss-normal-or-a-sign-of-trouble%3Fsrc%3DRSS_PUBLIC&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

FDA Approves Eye Implant for Aging Boomers

Tiny lens reshapes cornea to improve focus on small print, objects close to you

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Feye-health%2Fnews%2F20160630%2Ffda-approves-eye-implant-for-aging-boomers%3Fsrc%3DRSS_PUBLIC&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Breast Cancer Gene Raises Uterine Cancer Risk Too

Women with BRCA1 may want to consider preventive removal of uterus, researcher says

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Fbreast-cancer%2Fnews%2F20160630%2Fgene-tied-to-breast-cancer-raises-uterine-cancer-risk-too%3Fsrc%3DRSS_PUBLIC&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

This is the riskiest time for kids in the water

Emergency room doctors say small children can drown in as little as a few inches of water; here's what you need to know for a safe holiday weekend

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fthis-is-the-riskiest-time-for-kids-in-the-water%2F&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8

Clinics Selling Unapproved Stem Cell 'Therapies'

Study identifies hot spots around the country

From: http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Farthritis%2Fnews%2F20160630%2Fhundreds-of-us-clinics-sell-unapproved-stem-cell-therapies%3Fsrc%3DRSS_PUBLIC&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8